Statistics

Autism and statistics

The Numbers: Understanding global Autism prevalence is complex, as data quality and diagnostic approaches vary widely across regions. Differences in research methodology, cultural perception, access to services, and diagnostic frameworks all impact reported numbers.

Africa

Reliable data on Autism prevalence in African countries is limited. A 2018 study in Ethiopia estimated a prevalence of 0.9% among children aged 5 to 9. Further research is needed to reflect the diverse contexts across the continent.

Asia

Prevalence rates across Asia range from 0.09% in Oman to 1.07% in Hong Kong, reflecting wide variation in diagnostic tools, healthcare access and public awareness. Consistent, culturally informed research is still developing across many regions.

Australia

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), around 1 in 70 Australians were diagnosed as Autistic in 2018. This figure reflects increased awareness, evolving diagnostic practices, and improved reporting.

Canada

The Public Health Agency of Canada reports a prevalence of approximately 1 in 66 among children and youth. This rate has risen in recent years, aligning with trends observed in other high-income countries.

Europe

A 2020 multi-country European study estimated an average Autism prevalence of 1 in 89 children. National figures vary depending on diagnostic criteria, healthcare systems, and data collection methods.

Middle East

Prevalence estimates in the Middle East are still emerging. Existing studies suggest rates between 1.4 and 1.9 per 1,000 people, though further research is needed to provide region-wide clarity.

New Zealand

According to the New Zealand Autism Spectrum Disorder Guideline, Autism prevalence is estimated at 1 in 62 children, or 1.61% of the population. These figures reflect ongoing improvements in diagnosis and public awareness.

South America

Autism prevalence in South America is under-researched. A 2011 study in Brazil estimated a rate of 0.27% among children aged 7 to 12. More comprehensive, updated studies are needed across the region.

United Kingdom

The National Autistic Society estimates that approximately 1 in 100 people in the UK are Autistic — over 700,000 individuals. This aligns with broader European averages.

United States

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that around 1 in 44 children in the U.S. are identified as Autistic. This number has increased over time, reflecting better diagnostic practices, wider recognition, and greater public awareness.

Prevalence

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 1 in 160 children globally is Autistic. However, this figure is considered conservative. Prevalence rates vary significantly across countries and regions due to differences in diagnostic practices, awareness, and access to services.

In some high-income countries, reported prevalence is as high as 1 in 44 children, as seen in the United States. Many regions — particularly in Africa, South America, and parts of Asia — are underrepresented in global prevalence studies due to limited data collection infrastructure.

Gender

Autism is more frequently diagnosed in males, with studies often citing a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. However, this disparity may reflect gender bias in diagnostic tools and criteria, which are often based on male-presenting traits.

Many Autistic girls, women and gender-diverse individuals are underdiagnosed or diagnosed later in life, due to masking, misdiagnosis, or differences in how Autism presents across genders.

Age of Identification

Globally, most children are diagnosed between 3 and 6 years of age, though this varies depending on healthcare access, cultural factors, and public awareness. Some children are identified earlier through developmental screening, while others — especially girls and those with co-occurring conditions — may not receive an identification until adolescence or adulthood.

Co-occurring Conditions

A high proportion of Autistic individuals experience co-occurring conditions, which may include:

  • ADHD

  • Intellectual disability

  • Anxiety or mood disorders

  • Epilepsy

  • Sleep or gastrointestinal differences

  • Sensory processing differences

It is estimated that 70–80% of Autistic people have at least one co-occurring condition. These conditions can influence support needs but do not define the value or potential of Autistic individuals.

Economic impact

Autism is often associated with high personal and societal costs, largely due to gaps in inclusive systems. In countries like the United States, the estimated lifetime cost of supporting an Autistic individual ranges from USD $1.4 million to $2.4 million, depending on the presence of intellectual disability.

Importantly, these costs reflect systemic barriers — not Autism itself. Inclusive policies, early supports, and Autistic-led planning reduce long-term costs and improve quality of life.

Early intervention

Evidence shows that early identification and timely, appropriate supports — particularly when Autistic-led or neurodiversity-affirming — can lead to:

  • Improved communication and emotional regulation

  • Stronger relationships and social connections

  • Better educational outcomes

  • Increased confidence and self-advocacy

Support is not about changing who a person is — it’s about recognising their needs and ensuring they can thrive as themselves.